英语论文开题报告怎么写
开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。
课题名称
An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese
试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异
课题来源
Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor
一、课题背景及意义 （课题的立题依据及研究意义）
Research Background:
A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture.
When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.
Research Significance:
As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.
二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 （课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向）
Research Status:
Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..
Research Tendency:
21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.
三、研究内容及研究目标 （对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标）
Research Contents:
A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms
1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified
1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit
1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death
2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate
2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful
2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger
B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky
1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty
2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms
2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor
2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid
C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity
2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.
2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss
D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms
1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble
1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative
2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease
Research Objectives:
I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.
四、预计的研究难点 （课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点）
With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.
五、创新点 （选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点）
The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.
六、进度计划 （根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排）
1. Nov.16th — Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing
2. Nov.23rd — Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering
3. Dec.21st — Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline
4. Jan.11th — Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review
5. Feb.9th — Mar.14th, 2009 First draft
6. Mar.15th — Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft
7. Apr.11th — Apr.20th, 2009 Final version
8. Apr.27th — May 14th, 2009 Printing
9. May 17th — May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate
七、资料来源 （指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料）
[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.
[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.
[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.
[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.
[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.
[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.
[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.
[11] 陈永烨．“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J]．《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7)．
[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海：上海外语出版社,2002.
[13] 邓炎昌，刘润清．《语言与文化》[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991．
[14] 蒋栋元．“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]． 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3)．
[15] 唐振华．“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J]．《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2).
指导教师意见：（对课题的认可意见）
指导教师
年 月 日
系（教研室）审查意见：
系（教研室）主任：
年 月 日
英语教学行动研究报告
行动研究报告
引导低年级学生健康上网的研究与实践
叶伟军
(原单位:佛山市同济小学花园校区,现所在单位:佛山市第二十五小学)
研究背景
2006年4月,我参加了佛山市中小学骨干班主任培训班,根据该培训计划,学员自选课题,我选择了"引导学生健康上网"的研究课题,我是基于以下原因考虑的:1,当时我原所在单位是北师大"跨越式"课题的实验学校,在"跨越式"实验班配备了网络课室,学生人手一台电脑,都能上网,我是该班数学老师,需要经常引导孩子上网查找资料;2,现在的学生大都喜欢上网,网络给他们打开了外面广阔的世界.但毋庸讳言,网络也是把双刃剑,上网在成为人们一种不可或缺的生活 式的同时,也给青少年的健康成长带来了一定的负面影响,哪怕是低年级的学生也不例外.所以,我结合自身教学实际把"引导学生健康上网"的研究课题细化到"引导低年级学生健康上网"的研究.宏观上的现实意义不需多阐述,微观上,首先我自己很感兴趣,自己感兴趣的课题实施起来才能更有效地投入研究,其次开展这方面的研究,对自己的学生与家长都可以给予指导与帮助.
研究目的
引导学生清楚地认识上网的积极意义和负面作用,并加以正确引导,从而使学生能健康安全上网,避免网上非积极因素的影响.
三,研究内容
探索如何引导学生健康上网的方法与途径.
四,研究对象
2005学年自己任教的二(4)学生37人
五,行动研究的做法
(一) 老师与家长共同教育,引导培养孩子逐步学会自觉,自律.
作为老师与家长,首先要提高认识,转变认识的误区,网络是双刃剑,"黄金与垃圾"并存,要引导孩子健康上网,切勿以为禁止孩子上网就彻底切断"传染"的根源了,不能简单地采取堵的办法,更好的思路应该是疏,最终的理想境界是引导培养孩子逐步学会自觉,自律.如何引导教育才更有成效呢 我把老师与家长共同教育,引导培养孩子逐步学会自觉,自律放在首位.开展以下教育实践:
与家长沟通,共同教育,2004年我任教该班一年级的时候,我就有意识地做到提高家长对孩子上网的认识与引导策略.通过家长会,电话沟通,个别面谈等方式,尽可能促进双方达成共识,倡导说理引导的正面教育为主,批评惩戒为辅的方法.老师和家长都要做到与孩子建立感情的基础,多倾听,多交流,了解孩子才能确保教育引导的成效.考虑到孩子在校期间,老师容易监管学生上网情况,而缺乏监管的上网时间往往是在校外时间,其中很大部分是在家庭时间,所以我给家长提出以下建议:网络成瘾的问题学生背后往往存在问题的家庭,为避免出现这种结果,从孩子小时候,父母就应高度重视,努力做到以下方面:
1,建议家长和孩子建立感情基础,多与孩子沟通交流,建立民主,平等的家庭氛围,要关心学生的学习和生活情况,有了这些基础才能在孩子成长过程中有效了解孩子在网上做些什么,心理在想些什么,才能比较了解孩子常上哪些网站,认识些什么样的网友,在网络上下载了哪些游戏,是否有不健康的内容.
2,根据孩子特点,家长可适当合理安排孩子在家的网络生活时间.如果家长素质较高且具有较好的计算机知识,可以引导孩子正确认识网络,教会一些操作方法,可以给他们布置,安排健康有益的网络学习内容.即使家长计算机知识匮乏,起码要注意教育孩子上网不能是无节制的,要适当地控制和监督,孩子上网时间要适度,一般每次安排半小时左右.
3,由于学生年龄小,自控能力差,易辨不清是非,要教育孩子认识到网络是虚拟的世界,因为看不见对方,所以人非常容易伪装,隐藏自己真实的一面,遇见的人不一定都是好心人,网络里的资讯也不一定都是准确的,有的资讯可能是会误导人的,有的设置是坏的,例如色情的,暴力等.
4,根据孩子实际情况,对于特别喜欢上网的孩子就可以订下合理而且清楚的上网约定,包括每天的上网时间限制以及适合去哪些网站,也可将约定贴在电脑旁提醒.
5,告诉孩子没经父母的允许,不要在网络上把自己或家人的个人资料告诉给别人.
(二)引导孩子正确看待计算机学习
目前学生对计算机课的兴趣往往不是来源于计算机知识本身,而是来源于对电脑游戏的热衷.虽然有益的电脑游戏对训练学生的反应能力,手的协调能力有一定的帮助,况且爱玩是人的天性,但如果把电脑游戏看作是应用计算机的全部,则只会对小学生的身心发展有百害而无一益,同时许多游戏并不适合小学生玩,因此如何引导学生正确对待网络游戏问题,引发正确的学习动机就显得十分重要.我在教学中,经常对孩子渗透以下启蒙教育:现在是处于学习知识的重要阶段,应把计算机作为我们学习的好帮手,而不是作为游戏机.另外,还鼓励那些喜欢玩游戏的同学,如果你想让别人在不久的将来也玩上你编的游戏,现在开始就要努力学习计算机知识,将来努力成为一个出色的软件设计师,从而激发起他们的学习兴趣,引发向上的心理动机.
(三)学生上网内容的引导
对学生上网内容如何引导,如果把握是一个比较现实的问题.如果限制过死,学生只能上几个固定网站,这会极大限制网络的功能而且也严重的挫伤了学生上网的积极性,因此我推荐学生在上网可以从事以下活动:
推荐浏览许多有益的儿童网站,如:
雏鹰网
红泥巴村
童趣网
中国儿童中心
太阳岛儿童网站
中国儿童网
中国儿童网
迪斯尼中文网站
儿童反斗城
中国少儿美术教育网
CCTV大风车
中国儿童信息中心
学生科技网
中国少年文学网
东方儿童
中国儿童报
闪亮宝贝
中国神童网
上海少儿信息港
中青网少年版
推荐学生可以上学校的电子图书馆查询图书资料;
推荐部分益智类游戏,如太阳岛网站等许多儿童网站里就有活动适合低龄孩子玩的flash游戏.
4,推荐学生上网看有益的儿童电影(没有暴力,内容健康的电影),如:迪斯尼动画,中国经典动画影片等等.
这样使孩子一上网就有目的性,提高效率,不易使孩子毫无目的地浏览而处于"迷航"状态.
考虑到我面对的学生目前还是低年级孩子,所以对于如何帮助学生尽早建立和适应正确的网络道德规范方面打算在中高年级的时候,再渗透这方面的教育,目前只做一些非常简单的启蒙渗透,在这里不展开阐述.
六,研究的体会
我以任务驱动的方式开展了以上一些肤浅的做法,只能说还是比较浅层次的,但在低年级就有系统地,有意识地开展这方面的研究,还是具有一定成效的:
1,提高了自身的认知水平.通过上网查找资料,学习有关文章,对于我本身就受益匪浅,学到,悟到很多先进的理念与方法技巧.
2,促进了家长的教育水平的提高.在与家长交流的过程中,很多家长都对老师给予的建议与指导深表感谢,有的还说帮助他们澄清对孩子上网教育认识的误区,很受启发.例如:有的家长怕孩子上网学坏,家里不敢装宽带,又或者是把电脑锁起来等等,但通过交流后,这些家长意识到这是"治标不治本"的方法,关键还是在教育,注重疏与导的关系.
3,学生得到良好的熏陶教育.我们并没有剥夺孩子上网的权利与时间,经常在数学课上让孩子愉快轻松地上网玩游戏,有时是通过玩游戏,学数学的方式,孩子们无形中也提高了数学兴趣,无形中也喜欢了我这位数学老师,另外长期性地渗透正确引导孩子健康上网,对于今后孩子的健康成长起到"润无细无声"之效!
参考文章:《如何引导学生文明健康上网》作者:山东省曲阜市实验小学 王生
如何使小学英语课堂教学生动有趣选题的开题报告
在英语教学中zhidao，听、说、读、写、玩、演六个方面的训练是相辅相成，互相促进的，要对学生进行全面训练，这就要求我们英语老师在课堂教学中多采用一些趣味性的活动来调动学生学习英语的积极性，激发孩子们学英语的兴趣。如轮流做值日报告、小组讨论、全班讨论、游戏和竞赛，还可以做即兴表演、讲故事、复述课文、自我回介绍和编对话、短剧等，老师所设计的活动目的在于使每个学生都得到锻炼的机会。使每个学生都参与到课堂中来，充分发答挥自己的特长，体现学生就是课堂的主人。
TAG： 英语教学
